Volvo S90 2021-2023 ELECTRIC OPERATION AND CHARGING User Manual
ELECTRIC OPERATION AND CHARGING
General information on electric drive
Recharge runs like a regular car, but certain functions differ from a car that only runs on petrol or diesel. The electric motor drives the car mostly at low speeds, the petrol engine at higher speeds, as well as during more active driving. The driver display shows some information that is unique to the Recharge – charging information, selected drive mode, distance to empty battery as well as the hybrid battery’s charge level. It is possible to set the car in different drive modes while driving, e.g. electric operation only or, when power is required, both electric motor and petrol engine. The car calculates a combination of drivability, driving experience, environmental impact and fuel economy according to the drive mode selected. In order that the car should have optimal function it is important that the hybrid battery with associated electrical drive systems, as well as the petrol engine and its drive systems, have the correct operating temperature. Battery capacity may be reduced considerably if the battery is too cold or too hot. Preconditioning prepares the car’s drive systems and the passenger compartment before departure so that both wear and energy needs during the journey are reduced. The range for the hybrid battery increases. The hybrid battery which drives the electric motor is charged via a charging cable but can also be charged by gentle braking and engine braking in gear position B. The hybrid battery can also be charged by the car’s engine.
Important to know
Car without power
Bear in mind that important functions such as the servo brakes and power steering are limited when the car is without power.
WARNING
The brake servo only works when the electric motor or internal combustion engine is running.
Towing not permitted
Towing the car is not permitted since this damages the electric motor.
Exterior engine noise
WARNING
Remember that the car does not emit any engine noise when it is only powered by the electric motor and may therefore be difficult to notice by children, pedestrians, cyclists and animals. This is especially true at low speeds, such as in car parks.
High-voltage current
WARNING
Several components in the car work with high-voltage current that could be dangerous in the event of incorrect intervention. These components, and all orange coloured cables, must only be handled by qualified personnel.
Do not touch anything that is not clearly described in the owner’s manual.
Related information
- Charging the hybrid battery (p. 425)
- Hybrid gauge (p. 86)
- Drive modes (p. 467)
- Start and switch off preconditioning (p. 223)
- Hybrid battery (p. 619)
- Automatic gearbox (p. 460)
- Towing (p. 498)
Charging the hybrid battery
In addition to the fuel tank, as in a conventional car, the car is equipped with a rechargeable battery – a so-called hybrid battery of the lithium-ion type. The hybrid battery is charged using a charging cable which is located in a storage compartment in the cargo area.
NOTE
Volvo recommends a charging cable in accordance with IEC 62196 and IEC 61851 which supports temperature monitoring.
The time it takes for the hybrid battery to be charged is dependent on the charging current that is used.
NOTE
The capacity of the hybrid battery decreases slightly with age and use, which may result in increased use of the petrol engine and thereby slightly increased fuel consumption.
WARNING
Replacing the hybrid battery must only be performed by a workshop – an authorised Volvo workshop is recommended.
Charging cable handle and charging input socket
Charging cable handle and charging input socket. Charging status is indicated in three ways:
- Indicators on the charging cable’s control unit.
- Indicator lamp in the car’s charging input socket.
- Illustration and text in the driver display.
The starter battery is charged when the hybrid battery is charging and terminated when the hybrid battery is fully charged. If the hybrid battery’s temperature is below -10 ºC (14 ºF) or above 40 ºC (104 ºF) then it may mean that some of the car’s functions are changed or unavailable because the capacity of the hybrid batteries is reduced outside this temperature range. Electric operation is not possible if the temperature of the battery is too low or too high. If drive mode PURE is then selected, the combustion engine starts.
Decal on the inside of the charging flap
Use charging that is approved for use in the car in accordance with the identifier1 on the inside of the charging input socket flap.
Charging with fixed control unit in accordance with mode 32
In certain markets the control unit is installed within a charging station connected to the mains power circuit. In which case, the charg-ing cable has no control unit of its own. There-fore, use the charging station’s charging cable and follow the instructions at the charging station.
Energy recovery during braking
Indication in driver display during energy recovery. Energy is regenerated to the battery during light pressure on the brake pedal or during engine braking.
The function is available in all drive modes together with gear position D or B.
Related information
- Charging cable (p. 427)
- Charging current (p. 426)
- Opening and closing the hatch for the charging input socket (p. 431)
- Starting hybrid battery charging (p. 431)
- Stopping hybrid battery charging (p. 439)
- Charging status in the charging cable’s control unit (p. 435)
- Charging status in the car’s charging input socket (p. 434)
- Charging status in the car’s driver display (p. 437)
- Symbols and messages relating to hybrid drive in the driver display (p. 441)
- Automatic gearbox (p. 460)
- Changing drive mode (p. 471)
- Long-term storage of vehicles with hybrid batteries (p. 443)
- Regenerative braking* (p. 459)
Charging current
Charging current is used for charging the hybrid battery as well as preconditioning of the car. Charging takes place with a charging cable connected to the car’s charging input socket and a 230 V socket3 (alternating cur-rent). When the charging cable is activated, the driver display shows a message and a lamp in the car’s charging input socket illuminates. The charging current is mainly used for battery charging, but is also used for preconditioning the car. When the car’s hybrid battery is charged, the starter battery is also charged.
IMPORTANT
Never unplug the charging cable from the 230 V socket (alternating current) while charging is in progress – there is then a risk of damaging the 230 V socket. Always stop charging first before unplugging the charging cable from the car’s charging input socket and then from the 230 V socket.
IMPORTANT
Ensure that the wall socket fuse can handle the specified amperage for the charging cable.
NOTE
If the weather is very hot or very cold, some of the charging current is used to heat/cool the hybrid battery and the passenger compartment, which results in a longer charging time.
The charging time is extended if pre-conditioning has been selected. The time required depends mainly on the outside temperature.
Charging time
Charging times may vary. The following charging times are applicable when air conditioning or any other consumer is not affecting charging. If charging time seems long, it should be investigated.
Charging times for charging with 230V
| Current intensity (A)A | Charging time (hours) |
| 6 | 8 |
| 10 | 4 |
| 16 | 3 |
A Maximum charging current may vary depending on market.
Fuse
Normally several 230 V consumers are included in a fuse circuit, so additional consumers (e.g. lighting, vacuum cleaner, electric drill, etc.) can be on the same fuse.
Related information
- Charging cable (p. 427)
- Charging status in the charging cable’s control unit (p. 435)
- Charging status in the car’s driver display (p. 437)
- Charging status in the car’s charging input socket (p. 434)
- Start and switch off preconditioning (p. 223)
- Stopping hybrid battery charging (p. 439)
Charging cable
The charging cable with its control unit is used to charge the car’s hybrid battery.
The charging cable is located in the storage compartment to the right of the cargo area.
WARNING
Only use the charging cable provided with your car or a replacement cable recommended by Volvo.
Specifications, charging cable
| Specifications, charging cable | |
| Ambient temperature
|
-32 ºC to 50 ºC
(-25 ºF to 122 ºF) |
WARNING
- The charging cable has a built-in circuit breaker. Charging must only take place with grounded and approved sockets.
- Children should be supervised when in the vicinity of the charging cable when it is plugged in.
- High voltage in the charging cable. Contact with high voltage can cause death or serious personal injury.
- Do not use the charging cable if it is damaged in any way. A damaged or inoperative charging cable must only be repaired by a workshop – an authorised Volvo workshop is recommended.
- Always position the charging cable so that it will not be driven over, stepped on, tripped over or damaged in some other way, or cause personal injury.
- Disconnect the charger from the wall outlet before cleaning it.
- Never connect the charging cable to an extension cord or a multiple plug socket.
- Do not use one or more adapters between the charging cable and the electrical socket.
- Do not use an external timer between the charging cable and the electrical socket.
Also, refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for using the charging cable and its components.
IMPORTANT
Multiple plugs, external timers, adapters, extension cables, overvoltage protection or similar devices must not be used together with the charging cable as this result in a risk of fire, electric shocks, etc. An adapter between the 230 V socket (alternating current) and the charging cable may only be used if the adapter is approved in accordance with IEC 61851 and IEC 62196.
IMPORTANT
Never unplug the charging cable from the 230 V socket (alternating current) while charging is in progress – there is then a risk of damaging the 230 V socket. Always stop charging first before unplugging the charging cable from the car’s charging input socket and then from the 230 V socket.
IMPORTANT
Clean the charging cable with a clean cloth, moistened with water or a mild detergent. Do not use chemicals or sol-vents.
WARNING
The charging cable and its associated parts must not be swamped or immersed in water.
IMPORTANT
Avoid exposing the control unit and its plug to direct sunlight. In such cases, the over-heating protection in the plug is at risk of reducing or interrupting the charging of the hybrid battery.
Related information
- Charging status in the charging cable’s control unit (p. 435)
- Ground fault breaker in the charging cable (p. 429)
- Temperature monitoring of the charging cable (p. 430)
- Charging the hybrid battery (p. 425)
Ground fault breaker in the charging cable
The control unit for the charging cable charging cable has a built-in ground fault breaker that protects the car and the user from electric shocks caused by system faults.
WARNING
Charging the hybrid battery must only take place with grounded and approved 230 V sockets (alternating current). If the capacity for the socket or fuse circuit is unknown, ask a licensed electrician to check the capacity. Charging above the capacity of a fuse circuit may lead to fire or damage the fuse circuit.
WARNING
- The charging cable’s overvoltage protection helps to protect the car’s charging system, but cannot guarantee that overload will never occur.
- Never use visibly worn or damaged electrical sockets. This could cause fire or serious injury.
- Never connect the charging cable to a cable extension.
- Maintenance or replacement of the hybrid battery must only be performed by a trained and qualified Volvo service technician.
- Do not use a charging cable that has not been recommended.
- An external timer must not be used between the charging cable and the electrical socket.
- One or more adapters must not be used between the charging cable and the power socket.
IMPORTANT
The ground fault breaker does not protect the 230 V socket (alternating current)/electrical installation.
Control unit LED4 lamp.
LED lamp
If the control unit’s built-in ground fault breaker is tripped then the LED lamp illuminates with a red constant glow – check the 230 V socket (alternating current).Control unit LED4 lamp.
- LED lamp
If the control unit’s built-in ground fault breaker is tripped then the LED lamp illuminates with a red constant glow – check the 230 V socket (alternating current).
IMPORTANT
- Check the capacity of the socket.
- Other electronic equipment connected to the same fuse circuit must be dis-connected if the total load is exceeded.
- Do not connect the charging cable if the socket is damaged.
Related information
Temperature monitoring of the charging cable
For the car’s hybrid battery to be charged safely every time, the control unit for the charging cable and the plug have built-in monitoring devices for the temperature. Temperature monitoring takes place in the control unit and the plug.
NOTE
Volvo recommends a charging cable in accordance with IEC 62196 and IEC 61851 which supports temperature monitoring.
Monitoring in the control unit
Charging is switched off if the temperature of the control unit is too high. This is to protect the electronics. This may take place at a high outside temperature, for example, and/or when strong sunlight shines directly on the control unit.
Monitoring at the plug
If the temperature at the power source to which the charging cable is connected is too high, the charging current is reduced. If the temperature exceeds a critical level, charging is stopped completely.
IMPORTANT
If the temperature monitoring has automatically lowered the charging current repeatedly and charging has been interrupted then the cause of the overheating must be investigated and rectified.
Related information
Opening and closing the hatch for the charging input socket
The flap for the hybrid battery’s charging input socket is opened manually.
- Press in the rear section of the cover and release.
- Open the cover.
Close the cover for the charging input socket in reverse order.
Related information
- Starting hybrid battery charging (p. 431)
- Stopping hybrid battery charging (p. 439)
- Charging the hybrid battery (p. 425)
Starting hybrid battery charging
The car’s hybrid battery is charged with a charging cable between the car and a 230 V socket5 (alternating current). Only use the charging cable supplied with the car or a replacement cable recommended by Volvo.
- IMPORTANT
- Never connect the charging cable when there is a risk of thunderstorm or lightning strike.
NOTE
Volvo recommends a charging cable in accordance with IEC 62196 and IEC 61851 which supports temperature monitoring.
WARNING
- The hybrid battery must only be charged at maximum permitted charging current or lower in accordance with applicable local and national recommendations for hybrid charging from 230 V sockets (alternating current)/plugs.
- Charging the hybrid battery must only take place from an approved grounded 230 V socket6 or from a charging station with a loose charging cable (Mode
- supplied by Volvo.
- The control unit’s ground fault breaker protects the car, but there may still be a risk of overloading the 230 V mains power circuit.
- Avoid visible worn or damaged mains sockets since they may lead to fire damage and/or personal injury if used.
- Never use an extension cable.
- Never use an adapter or external timer.
- The charging cable has a built-in circuit breaker. Charging must only take place with grounded and approved sockets.
- Children should be supervised when in the vicinity of the charging cable when it is plugged in.
- High voltage in the charging cable. Contact with high voltage can cause death or serious personal injury.
- Do not use the charging cable if it is damaged in any way. A damaged or inoperative charging cable must only be repaired by a workshop – an authorised Volvo workshop is recommended.
- Always position the charging cable so that it will not be driven over, stepped on, tripped over or damaged in some other way, or cause personal injury.
- Disconnect the charger from the wall outlet before cleaning it.
- Never connect the charging cable to an extension cord or a multiple plug socket.
- Do not use one or more adapters between the charging cable and the electrical socket.
- Do not use an external timer between the charging cable and the electrical socket.
Also, refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for using the charging cable and its components.
IMPORTANT
Check that the 230 V socket (alternating current) has adequate power capacity for charging electric vehicles – in the event of uncertainty, the socket must be checked by a qualified professional. Note that the car must be switched off before charging.
Take the charging cable out from the storage compartment on the right-hand side of the cargo area.
Connect the charging cable to a 230 V socket. Never use an extension cable.
Open the charging hatch. Remove the charging handle’s protective cover and then press the handle the whole way into the socket for the car.
Clamp the charging handle’s cover in place as illustrated.
IMPORTANT
To avoid damage to the paint, e.g. in the event of high winds, position the charging handle’s protective cover so that it does not touch the car.
The charging cable’s charging handle is fastened/locked in, and charging starts within 5 seconds. When charging has started, the LED lamp in the charging input socket flashes with a green glow. The driver display shows the remaining estimated charging time or whether charging is not working as intended.
Battery charging can be interrupted for a while if the car is unlocked. If the charging cable is left in the charging input socket, the charge will restart again after a while.
IMPORTANT
Never unplug the charging cable from the 230 V socket (alternating current) while charging is in progress – there is then a risk of damaging the 230 V socket. Always stop charging first before unplugging the charging cable from the car’s charging input socket and then from the 230 V socket.
Condensation from the air conditioning may drip under the car during charging. This is nor-mal and takes place due to cooling of the hybrid battery.
Related information
- Charging the hybrid battery (p. 425)
- Opening and closing the hatch for the charging input socket (p. 431)
- Charging status in the car’s charging input socket (p. 434)
- Charging status in the car’s driver display (p. 437)
- Charging status in the charging cable’s control unit (p. 435)
- Stopping hybrid battery charging (p. 439)
Charging status in the car’s charging input socket
The charging input socket shows the charging status using an LED lamp.
LED lamp location in the car’s charging input socket. The LED lamp shows the existing status while charging is in progress. If the LED lamp does not illuminate, check that the cable is firmly plugged into the wall socket and the socket in the car. The white, red, yellow or blue lamps are activated when the passenger compartment lighting is switched on – they remain switched on for a while after the passenger compartment lighting has been switched off.
| LED lamp’s glow | Specification |
| White | LED light |
| Yellow | Waiting modeA – waiting for charging to start. |
| Flashing green | Charging in progressB. |
| Green | Charging completeC |
| Red | A fault has arisen. |
| Blue | Scheduled charging |
- For example, after a door has been opened or if the charging cable’s handle is not locked in.
- The slower the flashing, the closer to fully charged.
- Extinguishes after a while.
Related information
- Charging the hybrid battery (p. 425)
- Charging status in the car’s driver display (p. 437)
- Charging status in the charging cable’s control unit (p. 435)
- Stopping hybrid battery charging (p. 439)
Charging status in the charging cable’s control unit
The indicator on the charging cable’s control unit shows the status of ongoing charging as well as status after completed charging.
LED lamp
- LED lamp
| LED | Status | Specification | Recommended action |
| Extin- guished | Charging is not possible. | No power supply to charging cable. | 1. Unplug the charging cable from the socket.
2. Plug the charging cable into the socket again or use another socket. 3. If the problem persists – contact Volvo Support. |
| White light | Charging possible. | The charging cable is ready to be plugged into the car. | If the LED lamp is white but charging is not possible:
|
| Flashes white | Charging in progress. | The car’s electronics have started charging
Charging in progress. |
Wait until the batteries are fully charged. |
| Illuminates in red | Charging is not possible. | Temporary fault. |
|
| Flashes red | Charging is not possible. | Critical fault. | First remove the charging cable from the charging input socket and then from the power outlet. If the problem persists – contact Volvo Support. |
Related information
- Charging the hybrid battery (p. 425)
- Charging status in the car’s charging input socket (p. 434)
- Charging status in the car’s driver display (p. 437)
- Stopping hybrid battery charging (p. 439)
Charging status in the car’s driver display
The driver display shows the status for charging with both image and text. The information is shown for as long as the driver display is operating.
| Image | Message | Specification |
|
|
Fully charged at: [Time] is shown together with an animation with blue pulsating light through the charging cable. | Charging continues and an approximate time for when the battery is estimated to be fully charged is shown. |
|
|
The text Charging complete is shown. An illustration of the car is shown with an LED indicator at the charging input socket that illuminates in green. | The battery is fully charged. |
|
|
The text Charging error is shown. The LED indicator at the charging input socket illuminates in red. | A fault has occurred, check the connection of the charging cable to the car’s charging input socket and to the 230 V socket A (alternating current). |
A The voltage in the socket may vary depending on market.
NOTE
If the driver display is not used for a while then it is dimmed. Reactivate the display by means of one of the following:
- depress the brake pedal.
- open one of the doors.
- set the car in ignition position I by turning the START knob clockwise and releasing.
Related information
- Charging the hybrid battery (p. 425)
- Symbols and messages relating to hybrid drive in the driver display (p. 441)
- Charging status in the car’s charging input socket (p. 434)
- Charging status in the charging cable’s control unit (p. 435)
- Stopping hybrid battery charging (p. 439)
Stopping hybrid battery charging
Finish charging by unlocking the car, unplugging the charging cable from the car’s charging input socket and then from the 230 V socket8 (alternating current).
IMPORTANT
Before the charging cable is disconnected from the car’s charging input socket, the car must be unlocked using the unlock but-ton on the remote control key. This must be carried out even if the doors on the car are already unlocked. If the car is not unlocked using the unlock button, this may lead to damage to the charging cable or to the system.
NOTE
Always unlock the car so that charging is stopped before the connection to the 230 V socket (alternating current) is unplugged. Note that the charging cable must be unplugged from the car’s charging input socket before being unplugged from the 230 V socket, partly to avoid damage to the system and partly to avoid stopping the charging unintentionally.
Unlock the car with the remote control key – charging is finished and the charging cable’s locked handle releases/is unlocked.
Unplug the cable from the car’s charging input socket and close the hatch.
Unplug the cable from the 230 V socket.
Return the charging cable to the car’s storage compartment on the right of the cargo area.
The charging cable is locked automatically
If the charging cable is not unplugged from the charging input socket, it is locked in again automatically shortly after unlocking in order to maximise charging and range, as well as to facilitate preconditioning prior to the journey. The charging cable can be unplugged again if the car is unlocked using the remote control key. For cars with Passive Entry*, you can lock and unlock using the handle again.
Related information
- Opening and closing the hatch for the charging input socket (p. 431)
- Charging cable (p. 427)
- Charging the hybrid battery (p. 425)
- Starting hybrid battery charging (p. 431)
Symbols and messages relating to hybrid drive in the driver display
A number of symbols and messages regarding Recharge can be shown in the driver display. They may also be shown in combination with general indicator and warning symbols and are then extinguished when the problems have been rectified.
| Symbol | Message | Specification |
|
|
12 V Battery
Charging fault, service urgent. Drive to workshop |
Hybrid battery fault. Contact a workshop A to check the battery as soon as possible. |
|
|
12 V Battery
Charging fault Stop safely |
Hybrid battery fault. Stop the car safely and contact a workshop A to have the battery checked as soon as possible. |
|
|
12 V Battery
Fuse failure Service required |
Hybrid battery fault. Contact a workshopA to check the function as soon as possible. |
|
|
HV battery
Overheated, stop safely |
The temperature of the hybrid battery seems to be rising abnormally. Stop the car and switch off the engine. Wait at least 5 minutes before continuing to drive. Call a workshopA or check from the outside that everything seems normal before continuing to drive. |
|
|
Reduced performance Max car speed limited | The hybrid battery is not sufficiently charged for driving at high speeds. Charge the battery as soon as possible. |
|
|
Propulsion system
Harsh behaviour at low speed, car ok to use |
The hybrid system does not function as intended. Contact a workshopA to check the function as soon as possible. |
| Symbol | Message | Specification |
|
|
Hybrid system failure Service required | The hybrid system is disengaged. Contact a workshopA to check the function as soon as pos-sible. |
 |
Charge cable Remove before start | Shown when the driver tries to start the car and the charging cable is connected to the car. Disconnect the charging cable and close the charging hatch. |
Related information
- Starting hybrid battery charging (p. 431)
- Stopping hybrid battery charging (p. 439)
- Charging the hybrid battery (p. 425)
- Indicator and warning symbols (p. 93)
- Hybrid gauge (p. 86)
- Hybrid battery gauge (p. 87)
Long-term storage of vehicles with hybrid batteries
To minimize hybrid battery degradation during prolonged storage (longer than 1 month) of the vehicle a charge level of approximately 25% is recommended as indicated on the driver display.
Proceed as follows:
- If the state of charge is high – run the car until approx. 25% remains. If the state of charge is low – charge the battery until a level of approx. 25% is reached.
- If storage has lasted longer than 6 months or the hybrid battery charge level is significantly lower than 25% – charge the battery to approx. 25% again to compensate for the natural self-discharge that occurred during the prolonged storage. Continuously check the charge level in the driver display.
NOTE
Choose the coolest location possible for the vehicle in order to minimize the aging of the battery during long-term storage. During summer the vehicle should preferably remain indoors or outdoors in the shade, depending on where the temperature is lowest.
Related information
- Starting hybrid battery charging (p. 431)
- Hybrid battery gauge (p. 87)
- Charging the hybrid battery (p. 425)
Reference Links
View Full User Guide: Volvo S90 2021-2023 User Manual
Download Manuals: https://volvo.custhelp.com/app/homeV3