Toyota Avalon 2022 Specifications User Guide

The design of the 2022 Toyota Avalon blends speed, luxury, and usability in a way that is seamless. This full-size car is powered by a 3.5L V6 engine that makes 301 horsepower and 267 lb-ft of torque. It should be fun to drive. It has a smooth 8-speed automatic transmission, and it gets about 22 mpg in the city and 32 mpg on the highway. This makes it a good choice for a luxury car if you want to save money on gas. The outside of the Avalon has elegant lines that are emphasized by LED lights. You can choose wheels that are 17 to 19 inches in size. In better trims, the cabin is made of high-quality materials and has space for five people. A modern infotainment system with a 9-inch touchscreen lets you connect with Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, and Amazon Alexa. Music lovers can enjoy tunes from an 8-speaker sound system, which can be upgraded to a 14-speaker system in certain trims. Overall, the 2022 Avalon shows that Toyota is committed to making cars that are both stylish and fast.

Toyota Avalon 2022 Maintenance data (fuel, oil level, etc.)

Dimensions and weight

Overall length		195.9 in. (4975 mm)
Overall width		72.8 in. (1850 mm)
Overall height*1		56.5 in. (1435 mm)*2 56.7 in. (1440 mm)*3
Wheelbase		113.0 in. (2870 mm)
Tread	Front	62.6 in. (1590 mm)*4 63.0 in. (1600 mm)*5
	Rear	63.2 in. (1605 mm)*2, 4 63.6 in. (1615 mm)*2, 5 63.4 in. (1610 mm)*3, 4 63.8 in. (1620 mm)*3, 5
Vehicle capacity weight (occupants + luggage)		940 lb. (425 kg)

1. Unladen vehicles
2. 2WD models
3. AWD models
4. Vehicles with 235/45R18 tires and 235/40R19 tires
5. Vehicles with 215/55R17 tires

Seating capacity

• Seating capacity 5 occupants (Front 2, Rear 3)

Vehicle identification

• Vehicle identification number
  • The vehicle identification number (VIN) is the legal identifier for your vehicle. This is the primary identification number for your Toyota. It is used in registering the ownership of your vehicle. This number is stamped on the top left of the instrument panel.
  • This number is also on the Certification Label.

Engine number

The engine number is stamped on the engine block as shown

• • 2.5 L 4-cylinder (A25A-FKS) engine
  • 3.5 L V6 (2GR-FKS) engine

 

Engine

Model	A25A-FKS	2GR-FKS
Type	4-cylinder in line, 4-cycle, gasoline	6-cylinder V type, 4-cycle, gasoline
Bore and stroke	3.44 ´ 4.07 in. (87.5 ´ 103.4 mm)	3.70 ´ 3.27 in. (94.0 ´ 83.0 mm)
Displacement	151.8 cu. in. (2487 cm3)	210.9 cu. in. (3456 cm3)
Valve clearance	Automatic adjustment
Drive belt tension	Automatic adjustment

Fuel

Fuel type	Unleaded gasoline only
Octane rating	87 (Research Octane Number 91) or higher
Fuel tank capacity (Reference)	u For 2WD models (vehicles with 215/55R17 tires) 14.5 gal. (55 L, 12.0 Imp. gal.) u For 2WD models (vehicles without 215/55R17 tires) 16.0 gal. (60.6 L, 13.3 Imp. gal.) u For AWD models 14.4 gal. (54.5 L, 11.9 Imp. gal.)

Lubrication system

Oil capacity (Drain and refill (Reference)

The engine oil capacity is a reference quantity to be used when changing the engine oil. Warm up and turn off the engine, wait more than 5 minutes, and check the oil level on the dipstick

	With filter	Without filter
2.5     L     4-cylinder (A25A-FKS) engine	4.8 qt. (4.5 L, 4.0 Imp. qt.)	4.4 qt. (4.2 L, 3.7 Imp. qt.)
3.5 L V6 (2GR-FKS) engine	5.7 qt. (5.4 L, 4.8 Imp. qt.)	5.6 qt. (5.3 L, 4.7 Imp. qt.)

Engine oil selection

2.5 L 4-cylinder (A25A-FKS) engine

“Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” is used in your Toyota vehicle. Use Toyota approved “Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” or equivalent to satisfy the following grade and viscosity. Oil grade: ILSAC GF-6B multigrade engine oil Recommended viscosity: SAE 0W-16 SAE 0W-16 is the best choice for good fuel economy and good starting in cold weather. If SAE 0W-16 is not available, SAE 0W-20 oil may be used. However, it must be replaced with SAE 0W- 16 at the next oil change.

Oil viscosity (0W-16 is explained here as an example):

• The 0W in 0W-16 indicates the characteristic of the oil which allows cold startability. Oils with a lower value before the W allow for easier starting of the engine in cold weather.
• The 16 in 0W-16 indicates the viscosity characteristic of the oil when the oil is at high temperature. An oil with a higher viscosity (one with a higher value) may be better suited if the vehicle is operated at high speeds, or under extreme load conditions.

How to read oil container label:

API registered mark is added to some oil containers to help you select the oil you should use.

3.5 L V6 (2GR-FKS) engine

“Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” is used in your Toyota vehicle. Use Toyota approved “Toyota Genuine Motor Oil” or equivalent to satisfy the following grade and viscosity. Oil grade: ILSAC GF-6A multigrade engine oil Recommended viscosity: SAE 0W-20 SAE 0W-20 is the best choice for good fuel economy and good starting in cold weather. If SAE 0W-20 is not available, SAE 5W-20 oil may be used. However, it must be replaced with SAE 0W- 20 at the next oil change.

Oil viscosity (0W-20 is explained here as an example):

• The 0W in 0W-20 indicates the characteristic of the oil which allows cold startability. Oils with a lower value before the W allow for easier starting of the engine in cold weather.
• The 20 in 0W-20 indicates the viscosity characteristic of the oil when the oil is at high temperature. An oil with a higher viscosity (one with a higher value) may be better suited if the vehicle is operated at high speeds, or under extreme load conditions.

How to read oil container label:

The International Lubricant Specification Advisory Committee (ILSAC) Certification Mark is added to some oil containers to help you select the oil you should use.

 

Cooling system

Capacity (Reference)	u 2.5 L 4-cylinder (A25A-FKS) engine 7.3 qt. (6.9 L, 6.1 Imp. qt.) u 3.5 L V6 (2GR-FKS) engine 9.1 qt. (8.6 L, 7.6 Imp. qt.)
Coolant type	Use either of the following: •    “Toyota Super Long Life Coolant” •    Similar high-quality ethylene glycol-based non-silicate, non-amine, non-nitrite, and non-borate coolant with long-life hybrid organic acid technology Do not use plain water alone.

Ignition system

Spark plug
Make	u 2.5 L 4-cylinder (A25A-FKS) engine
	DENSO FC16HR-Q8
	u 3.5 L V6 (2GR-FKS) engine
	DENSO FK20HBR8
Gap	0.031 in. (0.8 mm)

NOTICE

Iridium-tipped spark plugs
Use only iridium-tipped spark plugs. Do not adjust gap when tuning engine.

Electrical system

Battery Specific voltage reading at 68°F (20°C):	12.3 V or higher If the voltage is lower than the standard value, charge the battery. (When checking the voltage, after turning the engine switch off, wait for 30 seconds with the high beam headlights illuminated, then turn the high beam headlights off and check the voltage.)
Charging rates	5 A max.

Automatic transaxle

Fluid capacity*	u 2.5 L 4-cylinder (A25A-FKS) engine 7.8 qt. (7.4 L, 6.5 Imp. qt.) u 3.5 L V6 (2GR-FKS) engine 7.9 qt. (7.5 L, 6.6 Imp. qt.)
Fluid type	Toyota Genuine ATF WS

NOTICE

Transmission fluid type Using transmission fluid other than the above type may cause abnormal noise or vibration, or damage the transmission of your vehicle.

Transfer (AWD models)

Your Toyota vehicle is filled with “Toyota Genuine Differential Gear Oil” at the factory. Use Toyota-approved “Toyota Genuine Differential Gear Oil” or an equivalent of matching quality to satisfy the above specification. Please contact your Toyota dealer for further details

Oil capacity	0.47 qt. (0.45 L, 0.39 Imp. qt.)
Oil type and viscosity	Toyota Genuine Differential Gear Oil LT 75W-85 GL-5 or equivalent

NOTICE

• Transfer oil type precaution
• Using transfer oil other than the specified oil may cause abnormal noise or vibration, or damage the transfer of your vehicle.

Rear differential (AWD models)

Your Toyota vehicle is filled with “Toyota Genuine Differential Gear Oil” at the factory. Use Toyota-approved “Toyota Genuine Differential Gear Oil” or an equivalent of matching quality to satisfy the above specification. Please contact your Toyota dealer for further details.

Oil capacity	0.52 qt. (0.50 L, 0.43 Imp. qt.)
Oil type and viscosity	Toyota Genuine Differential Gear Oil LT 75W-85 GL-5 or equivalent

 

NOTICE

Differential gear oil type precaution Using differential gear oil other than the specified oil may cause abnormal noise or vibration, or damage the differential gear of your vehicle.

Brakes

Pedal clearance*	3.2 in. (81 mm)
Pedal free play	0.04 ¾ 0.24 in. (1 ¾ 6 mm)
Brake pad wear limit	0.04 in. (1.0 mm)
Fluid type	SAE J1703 or FMVSS No.116 DOT 3 SAE J1704 or FMVSS No.116 DOT 4

Steering

Free play

Less than 1.2 in. (30 mm)

Tires and wheels

17-inch tires

Tire size	215/55R17 94V, T155/70D17 110M
Tire inflation pressure (Recommended cold tire inflation pressure)	Driving under normal conditions Front: 35 psi (240 kPa, 2.4 kgf/cm2 or bar) Rear: 35 psi (240 kPa, 2.4 kgf/cm2 or bar) Spare: 60 psi (420 kPa, 4.2 kgf/cm2 or bar) Driving at high speeds (above 100 mph [160 km/h]) (in countries where such speeds are permitted by law) Add 5 psi (30 kPa, 0.3 kgf/cm2 or bar) to the front tires and rear tires. Never exceed the maximum cold tire inflation pressure indicated on the tire sidewall.
Wheel size	17 ´ 7 1/2 J, 17 ´ 4 T (compact spare)
Wheel nut torque	76 ft•lbf (103 N•m, 10.5 kgf•m)

18-inch tires

Tire size	235/45R18 94V, T155/70D17 110M
Tire inflation pressure (Recommended cold tire inflation pressure)	Driving under normal conditions Front: 35 psi (240 kPa, 2.4 kgf/cm2 or bar) Rear: 35 psi (240 kPa, 2.4 kgf/cm2 or bar) Spare: 60 psi (420 kPa, 4.2 kgf/cm2 or bar) Driving at high speeds (above 100 mph [160 km/h]) (in countries where such speeds are permitted by law) Add 5 psi (30 kPa, 0.3 kgf/cm2 or bar) to the front tires and rear tires. Never exceed the maximum cold tire inflation pressure indicated on the tire sidewall.
Wheel size	18 ´ 8 J, 17 ´ 4 T (compact spare)
Wheel nut torque	76 ft•lbf (103 N•m, 10.5 kgf•m)

19-inch tires (type A)

Tire size	235/40R19 92V, T155/70D17 110M
Tire inflation pressure (Recommended cold tire inflation pressure)	Driving under normal conditions Front: 35 psi (240 kPa, 2.4 kgf/cm2 or bar) Rear: 35 psi (240 kPa, 2.4 kgf/cm2 or bar) Spare: 60 psi (420 kPa, 4.2 kgf/cm2 or bar) Driving at high speeds (above 100 mph [160 km/h]) (in countries where such speeds are permitted by law) Add 5 psi (30 kPa, 0.3 kgf/cm2 or bar) to the front tires and rear tires. Never exceed the maximum cold tire inflation pressure indicated on the tire sidewall.
Wheel size	19 ´ 8 J, 19 ´ 8.5 J, 17 ´ 4 T (compact spare)
Wheel nut torque	76 ft•lbf (103 N•m, 10.5 kgf•m)

• 19-inch tires (type B)

Tire size	235/40R19 96Y, T155/70D17 110M
Tire inflation pressure (Recommended cold tire inflation pressure)	Driving under normal conditions Front: 33 psi (230 kPa, 2.3 kgf/cm2 or bar) Rear: 33 psi (230 kPa, 2.3 kgf/cm2 or bar) Spare: 60 psi (420 kPa, 4.2 kgf/cm2 or bar) Driving at high speeds (above 100 mph [160 km/h]) (in countries where such speeds are permitted by law) Add 5 psi (30 kPa, 0.3 kgf/cm2 or bar) to the front tires and rear tires. Never exceed the maximum cold tire inflation pressure indicated on the tire sidewall.
Wheel size	19 ´ 8 1/2 J, 17 ´ 4 T (compact spare)
Wheel nut torque	76 ft•lbf (103 N•m, 10.5 kgf•m)

 

Light bulbs

	Light bulbs	Bulb No.	W	Type
Interior	Door courtesy lights	168	5	A
	Vanity lights	7065	1.4	B
	Trunk light	¾	5	A

• A: Wedge base bulbs (clear)
• B: Double end bulbs

Fuel Information

You must only use unleaded gasoline. The engine is designed to operate at maximum performance using unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of 93 (98 RON) or higher. If an octane rating of 93 (98 RON) fuel is not readily available in your area, unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of 91 (95 RON) may be used with no detriment to engine durability or driveability. However, you may notice a slight decrease in maximum engine performance and you may hear some knocking (pinging) of an engine while using an octane rating of 91 (95 RON) fuel. If the octane rating is less than 91, damage to the engine may occur and may void the vehicle warranty. At a minimum, the gasoline you use should meet the specifications of ASTM D4814 in the U.S.A

Gasoline quality

In very few cases, driveability problems may be caused by the brand of gasoline you are using. If driveability problems persist, try changing the brand of gasoline. If this does not correct the problem, consult your Toyota dealer.

Recommendation of the use of gasoline-containing detergent additives

• Toyota recommends the use of gasoline that contains detergent additives to avoid the build-up of engine deposits.
• All gasoline sold in the U.S.A. contains minimum detergent additives to clean and/or keep clean intake systems, per EPA’s lowest additives concentration program.
• Toyota strongly recommends the use of Top Tier Detergent Gasoline. For more information on Top Tier Detergent Gasoline and a list of marketers, please go to the official website www.toptiergas.com

Recommendation of the use of low emissions gasoline

Gasolines containing oxygenates such as ethers and ethanol, as well as reformulated gasolines, are available in some cities. These fuels are typically acceptable for use, providing they meet other fuel requirements. Toyota recommends these fuels, since the formulations allow for reduced vehicle emissions.

Non-recommendation of the use of blended gasoline

• Use only gasoline containing up to 15% ethanol.
• DO NOT use any flex-fuel or gasoline that could contain more than 15% ethanol, including from any pump labeled E30, E50, E85 (which are only some examples of fuel containing more than 15% ethanol).
• If you use gasohol in your vehicle, be sure that it has an octane rating no lower than 87.
• Toyota does not recommend the use of gasoline containing methanol.

Non-recommendation of the use of gasoline containing MMT

Some gasoline contains an octane-enhancing additive called MMT (Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl). Toyota does not recommend the use of gasoline that contains MMT. If fuel containing MMT is used, your emission control system may be adversely affected. The malfunctioning indicator lamp on the instrument cluster may come on. If this happens, contact your Toyota dealer for service.

If your engine knocks

• Consult your Toyota dealer.
• You may occasionally notice light knocking for a short time while accelerating or driving uphill. This is normal and there is no need for concern.

NOTICE

• Notice on fuel quality
• Do not use improper fuels. If improper fuels are used, the engine will be damaged.
• Do not use leaded gasoline. Leaded gasoline can cause damage to your vehicle’s three-way catalytic converters causing the emission control system to malfunction.
• Do not use gasohol other than the type previously stated. Other gasohol may cause fuel system damage or vehicle performance problems.
• Using unleaded gasoline with an octane number or rating lower than the level previously stated will cause persistent heavy knocking. At worst, this will lead to engine damage.
• Fuel-related poor driveability If poor driveability (poor hot starting, vaporization, engine knocking, etc.) is encountered after using a different type of fuel, discontinue the use of that type of fuel.
• When refueling with gasohol Take care not to spill gasohol. It can damage your vehicle’s paint.

Tire information

Typical tire symbols

Full-size tire Compact spare tire

 

•  Tire size
• Summer tires or all season tires 
  • An all season tire has “M+S” on the sidewall. A tire not marked “M+S” is a summer tire.
• TUBELESS or TUBE TYPE
  • A tubeless tire does not have a tube and air is directly put into the tire.
  • A tube type tire has a tube inside the tire and the tube maintains the air pressure.
• Radial tires or bias-ply tires
  • A radial tire has “RADIAL” on the sidewall. A tire not marked “RADIAL” is a bias-ply tire.
• DOT and Tire Identification Number (TIN)
• Location of treadwear indicators 
• Uniform tire quality grading
  • For details, see “Uniform Tire Quality Grading” that follows.
• Maximum cold tire inflation pressure
  • This means the pressure to which a tire may be inflated.
• Load limit at maximum cold tire inflation pressure
• Tire ply composition and materials
  • Plies are layers of rubber-coated parallel cords. Cords are the strands which form the plies in a tire.
• “TEMPORARY USE ONLY”
  • A compact spare tire is identified by the phrase “TEMPORARY USE ONLY” molded on its sidewall. This tire is designed for temporary emergency use only.

Typical DOT and Tire Identification Number (TIN)

Type A
Type B

1. DOT symbol*
2. Tire Identification Number (TIN)
3. Tire manufacturer’s identification mark
4. Tire size code
5. Manufacturer’s optional tire type code (3 or 4 letters)
6. Manufacturing week
7. Manufacturing year
8. Manufacturer’s code

Tire size

Typical tire size information

The illustration indicates typical tire size.

• Tire use (P = Passenger car,
  • T = Temporary use)
• Section width (millimeters)
• Aspect ratio (tire height to section width)
• Tire construction code (R =
  • Radial, D = Diagonal)
• Wheel diameter (inches)
• Load index (2 digits or 3 digits)
• Speed symbol (alphabet with one letter

Tire dimensions

• Section width
• Tire height
• Wheel diameter

Tire section names

1. Bead
2. Sidewall
3. Shoulder
4. Tread
5. Belt
6. Inner liner
7. Reinforcing rubber
8. Carcass
9. Rim lines
10. Bead wires
11. Chafer

Uniform Tire Quality Grading

This information has been prepared in accordance with regulations issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. It provides the purchasers and/or prospective purchasers of Toyota vehicles with information on uniform tire quality grading. Your Toyota dealer will help answer any questions you may have as you read this information.

DOT quality grades

All passenger vehicle tires must conform to Federal Safety Requirements in addition to these grades. Quality grades can be found where applicable on the tire sidewall between tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A

Treadwear

The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and a half (1 – 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use. Performance may differ significantly from the norm due to variations in driving habits, service practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.

Traction AA, A, B, C

The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B and C, and they represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance. Warning: The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight ahead) traction tests and does not include cornering (turning) traction.

Temperature A, B, C

The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. Grade C corresponds to a level of performance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law. Warning: The temperature grades of a tire assume that it is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire failure.

Glossary of tire terminology

Tire related term	Meaning
Cold tire inflation pres- sure	Tire pressure when the vehicle has been parked for three hours or more, or has not been driven more than 1 mile or 1.5 km under that condition
Maximum                       inflation pressure	The maximum cold inflated pressure to which a tire may be inflated, shown on the sidewall of the tire
Recommended    infla- tion pressure	Cold tire inflation pressure recommended by a manufacturer
Accessory weight	The combined weight (in excess of those stan- dard items which may be replaced) of auto- matic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, radio and heater, to the extent that these items are available as factory-installed equipment (whether installed or not)
Curb weight	The weight of a motor vehicle with standard equipment, including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil and coolant, and if so equipped, air conditioning and additional weight optional engine
Maximum loaded vehi- cle weight	The sum of: (a)    Curb weight (b)   Accessory weight (c)   Vehicle capacity weight (d)   Production options weight
Normal                     occupant weight	150 lb. (68 kg) times the number of occupants specified in the second column of Table 1* that follows
Occupant distribution	Distribution of occupants in a vehicle as speci- fied in the third column of Table 1* below

Tire related term	Meaning
Production                       options weight	The combined weight of installed regular pro- duction options weighing over 5 lb. (2.3 kg) in excess of the standard items which they replace, not previously considered in curb weight or accessory weight, including heavy duty brakes, ride levelers, roof rack, heavy duty battery, and special trim
Rim	A metal support for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upon which the tire beads are seated
Rim diameter (Wheel diameter)	Nominal diameter of the bead seat
Rim size designation	Rim diameter and width
Rim type designation	The industry manufacturer’s designation for a rim by style or code
Rim width	Nominal distance between rim flanges
Vehicle                      capacity weight (Total load capacity)	The rated cargo and luggage load plus 150 lb. (68 kg) times the vehicle’s designated seating capacity
Vehicle maximum load on the tire	The load on an individual tire that is deter- mined by distributing to each axle its share of the maximum loaded vehicle weight, and dividing by two
Vehicle normal load on the tire	The load on an individual tire that is deter- mined by distributing to each axle its share of curb weight, accessory weight, and normal occupant weight (distributed in accordance with Table 1* below), and dividing by two
Weather side	The surface area of the rim not covered by the inflated tire
Bead	The part of the tire that is made of steel wires, wrapped or reinforced by ply cords and that is shaped to fit the rim
Bead separation	A breakdown of the bond between compo- nents in the bead

Tire related term	Meaning
Bias ply tire	A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at alternate angles substantially less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread
Carcass	The tire structure, except tread and sidewall rubber which, when inflated, bears the load
Chunking	The breaking away of pieces of the tread or sidewall
Cord	The strands forming the plies in the tire
Cord separation	The parting of cords from adjacent rubber compounds
Cracking	Any parting within the tread, sidewall, or inner- liner of the tire extending to cord material
CT	A pneumatic tire with an inverted flange tire and rim system in which the rim is designed with rim flanges pointed radially inward and the tire is designed to fit on the underside of the rim in a manner that encloses the rim flanges inside the air cavity of the tire
Extra load tire	A tire designed to operate at higher loads and at higher inflation pressures than the corre- sponding standard tire
Groove	The space between two adjacent tread ribs
Innerliner	The layer(s) forming the inside surface of a tubeless tire that contains the inflating medium within the tire
Innerliner separation	The parting of the innerliner from cord material in the carcass
Intended                     outboard sidewall	(a)    The sidewall that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufac- turer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same molding on the other sidewall of the tire, or (b)    The outward facing sidewall of an asym- metrical tire that has a particular side that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle

Tire related term	Meaning
Light truck (LT) tire	A tire designated by its manufacturer as pri- marily intended for use on lightweight trucks or multipurpose passenger vehicles
Load rating	The maximum load that a tire is rated to carry for a given inflation pressure
Maximum load rating	The load rating for a tire at the maximum per- missible inflation pressure for that tire
Maximum permissible inflation pressure	The maximum cold inflation pressure to which a tire may be inflated
Measuring rim	The rim on which a tire is fitted for physical dimension requirements
Open splice	Any parting at any junction of tread, sidewall, or innerliner that extends to cord material
Outer diameter	The overall diameter of an inflated new tire
Overall width	The linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire, including ele- vations due to labeling, decorations, or protec- tive bands or ribs
Passenger car tire	A tire intended for use on passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks, that have a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,000 lb. or less.
Ply	A layer of rubber-coated parallel cords
Ply separation	A parting of rubber compound between adja- cent plies
Pneumatic tire	A mechanical device made of rubber, chemi- cals, fabric and steel or other materials, that, when mounted on an automotive wheel, pro- vides the traction and contains the gas or fluid that sustains the load
Radial ply tire	A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at substantially 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread
Reinforced tire	A tire designed to operate at higher loads and at higher inflation pressures than the corre- sponding standard tire

Tire related term	Meaning
Section width	The linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire, excluding ele- vations due to labeling, decoration, or protec- tive bands
Sidewall	That portion of a tire between the tread and bead
Sidewall separation	The parting of the rubber compound from the cord material in the sidewall
Snow tire	A tire that attains a traction index equal to or greater than 110, compared to the ASTM E- 1136 Standard Reference Test Tire, when using the snow traction test as described in ASTM F-1805-00, Standard Test Method for Single Wheel Driving Traction in a Straight Line on Snow-and Ice-Covered Surfaces, and which is marked with an Alpine Symbol (  ) on at least one sidewall
Test rim	The rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and may be any rim listed as appropriate for use with that tire
Tread	That portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road
Tread rib	A tread section running circumferentially around a tire
Tread separation	Pulling away of the tread from the tire carcass
Treadwear                    indicators (TWI)	The projections within the principal grooves designed to give a visual indication of the degrees of wear of the tread
Wheel-holding fixture	The fixture used to hold the wheel and tire assembly securely during testing

Designated seating capacity, Number of occupants	Vehicle normal load, Number of occupants	Occupant distribution in a normally loaded vehicle
2 through 4	2	2 in front
5 through 10	3	2 in front, 1 in the second seat
11 through 15	5	2 in front, 1 in second seat, 1 in the third seat, 1 in the fourth seat
16 through 20	7	2 in front, 2 in second seat, 2 in the third seat, 1 in the fourth seat

FAQ